Optimization diesel engine biofuel
Under the 6th Framework Programme for Research and Development, the MOBILIS project is aimed at reducing pollution in major cities. The project, which began in early February 2005 and will end in January 2009, brings together 32 partners from France, Italy, Denmark, Hungary and Slovenia. The Slovenian institutions involved are: the City of Ljubljana, Network Transit Joint Ljubljana (LPP), the Institute of Agriculture of Slovenia (KIS), the Regional Centre for the Environment (REC CO), PINUS the common Rac, and the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Maribor. The activities of Slovenian partners have focused on finding possibility of reducing harmful emissions of gas buses with diesel engines using biodiesel fuel local production.
Although the project's success depends on cooperation between all partners, a close relationship was woven between the Slovenian players: PINUS, the producer of biodiesel, the consumer biodiesel LPP, and the Research Institute of the Faculty Engineering Mechanics of Maribor. The team Laboratory on internal combustion engines has studied the effects of biodiesel fuel producer PINUS on the characteristics of a diesel bus. To this end, LPP has made available to the laboratory engine buses equipped with a mechanical system for the injection of fuel. The team tested the pure biodiesel fuel and mixed with diesel (D2).
An experimental and numerical analysis was done on the fuel injection system and the engine in various operating conditions. The researchers initially focused their attention on the use of biodiesel fuel at low temperatures. The results showed that, with additives, biodiesel can be used at temperatures falling below 0°C. In the case of injection system of a diesel engine MAN, problems have arisen from temperature located below -7 ° C: unequal amounts of fuel were injected into each cylinder, a consequence of a pressure drop in the fuel filter. The latter is due to greater density and viscosity of biodiesel fuel. With heating fuel, the problem is solved easily.
The team then observed the behavior of the engine tweaked for the D2. When running at full speed with pure biodiesel fuel, engine power down 5%, while fuel consumption increases by 8%. This is, for the most part, the consequence of the low energy density of biodiesel fuel. Viscosity, density, speed of sound and modulus of biodiesel fuel influence the premature beginning of the injection, and hence a higher rate of NO2 emissions during almost all regimes of engine operation. By contrast, emissions of soot, CO and HC unburned are lower, mainly because of the content greater oxygen in the fuel biodiesel. It is clear that reducing all emissions of a diesel engine running on biodiesel requires modifications to the engine.
The analysis showed the need to make changes especially at adjusting the angle static starting injection engines MAN. The best results were achieved with biodiesel fuel, when early injection later is provided by reducing the angle static injection. With the ESC test, researchers have reached a decrease of 40% of CO and HC unburned, 25% those of nitrogen oxides, 50% those of soot, and 75% those of other particles.
Under MOBILIS, a workshop, a national seminar and an international conference, "Alternative Fuels 2008" were held in Maribor. Several alternative fuels have been studied from various angles, processing of raw materials, production of biofuels, their evaluation and practical use. The results of the research institute have been published in international scientific journals. The institute has already been invited by the European partners to join a new project under the 7th Framework Programme. The objective of this new project is to determine the least costly technologies for the production of biofuels from different raw materials and from different European producers. To this end, the laboratory will optimize the electronic control unit of a modern diesel engine through a system of electronic fuel injection.
Mobility Initiatives for Local Sustainability:
The cities of Toulouse (France), Debrecen (Hungary), Ljubljana (Slovenia), Venice (Italy) and Odense (Denmark), and their main local mobility stakeholders have established a European partnership for implementing 'Mobility Initiatives for Local Sustainability' - the MOBILIS project. The partners agree to create a new culture for clean urban mobility in the wider frame of sustainable development, ensuring involvement of all relevant stakeholders and participation of the citizens.
MOBILIS aims to implement radical strategies for clean urban transport in all five cities, building on a broad range of policies and instruments. MOBILIS Project Goals:
- Foster a transition process towards the broad use of alternative fuels and clean energy-efficient vehicles
- Promote modal shift away from the use of the motor car towards sustainable transport modes
- Improve the quality and fair share of public space
- Create transport minimizing urban structures
- Foster safety, security, social inclusion and equity in urban mobility
- Reduce noise and improve air quality in urban areas
- Support economic development and competitiveness
- Advance efficient planning, management and implementation processes and coordination between mobility stakeholders at different administrative levels
- Increase participation of citizens and civil society in environment- and mobility-related decision making
- Raise awareness for sustainable mobility and promote behavioural change
- Improve innovation and creativity capacities of local mobility stakeholders
Source: http://www.rupprecht-consult.de/projects/mobilis.html
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